3D printing for complex laparoscopic partial nephrectomies

Throughout my career as a surgeon, I have had to interpret two-dimensional images and then perform surgical maneuvers in a three-dimensional setting.

Anatomical variability, together with the particularities of each case, means no two situations are alike, and this lack of information can be associated with possible intraoperative complications.

Three-dimensional kidney models have proven to be extremely helpful in my daily practice. These models have given me a thorough three-dimensional understanding before surgery, which in turn makes it easier to perform a safe operation.

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